Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is widely recognized as a significant health issue ,often leading to low health quality of life (HQOL) in affected individuals. Gastrointestinal cancer and its treatments can lead to various physical and mental concerns. In which significant impact on the their quality of life. patients also may experience psychological distress, anxiety and depression. That can cause a profound effect on their quality of life. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the quality of life of individuals with gastrointestinal tract cancers.

A cross-sectional study was conducted, the participants included 805 adult patients with gastrointestinal cancer referred to Firouzgar Hospital. They were invited to evaluate and complete the HQOL, demographic information and their background. HQOL was measured using Short Form Survey (SF-12).Which included scores of the Mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores from the SF-12(PCS Items included : general health, bodily pain, role physical, physical functioning and MCS Items included: social functioning, role emotional, mental health, vitality) Which were calculated .Data were analyzed using Confirmatory factor analysis.

Good model fit of HQOL is indicated by an RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.91 TLI=0.93. Overally all of the factor loadings of 8 items MCS and PCS were significant at 0.05 level. Based on the standardized coefficients for the structural paths, There was negative effect of the age on the PCS (β=-0.23, P=0.002). The BMI effect on the MCS was significant and Positive ( β=0.11, P=0.043). The variables of physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking had no significant effect on MCS and PCS.

According our findings ,age and BMI have an effect on the quality of life of patients (GI) cancer Generally. The results of this study highlight the substantial impact of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer on the HQOL of affected patients. These findings underscore the importance of addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of GI cancer care to improve the HQOL of patients. By providing comprehensive support and interventions to manage these symptoms, healthcare providers can help enhance the overall well-being of patients living with GI cancer.